Optimizing physical performance during fasting and dietary restriction: implications for athletes and sports medicine

Introduction : characteristics of fasting

Changes of body mass and energy balance during fasting and dietary restriction

Carbohydrate metabolism and fasting

Mobilization and utilization of lipids during dietary restriction conditions

Protein metabolism during dietary restriction / Roy J. Shephard Hydration and fluid restriction in athletes / Roy J. Shephard

Changes in hormone levels and circadian rhythms during fasting / Ezdine Bouhlel, Zouhair Tabka and Roy J. Shephard

Oxidative stress and fasting

Effects of dietary and fluid restrictions upon physical performance, cognition and vigilance

Nutritional recommendations for dietary restriction

Tactics to sustain training and competitive performance during fasting

Coping and recovery tactics during fasting and dietary restriction / Ezdine Bouhlel, Roy J. Shephard and Mohamed Dogui

Miscellaneous medical issues during dietary and fluid restriction / Roy J. Shephard

Conclusions.