Rome and Italy. The foundation of the city of Rome
The rise of Rome into the leading power in Italy
The constitution of the classical Republic
The rise of the nobility.
Rome and the Mediterranean. The war with King Pyrrhus
The war with the great Hellenistic powers
The vengeful Weltmacht and the beginnings of the Roman Empire.
The Crisis of the Republic and its Causes. culture and religion under Greek influence
The monetary economy and its impact
The crisis of the military and agrarian system
The Gracchan reform initiatives
The road to the civil war: Marius and Sulla
The state of the dictator Sulla.
The Fall of the Republic. The rise of Pompey
Caesar and the First Triumvirate
From the Gallic War to the civil war
The state of the dictator Caesar
The lost struggle for the Republic.
Augustus: Defeat and Fulfilment of the Republic. The Second Triumvirate and the struggle for power
The Augustan constitutional settlement.
