Science and scientism in nineteenth-century Europe

Ideology

Saint-Simon, Saint-Simonianism, and the birth of socialism

Auguste Comte and positivisms

Naturphilosophie, romanticism, and nationalism

The rise of materialisms and the reshaping of religion and politics

Early Victorian culture : public science and political science

The rise of evolutionary perspectives, 1820-59

Darwinian evolution : natural selection, group selection, and sexual selection

"Social Darwinisms" and other evolutionary social theories

The problem of degeneration in the late nineteenth century.