How the body shapes the way we think: a new view of intelligence

Foreword

Preface

I. Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence, Embodiment, and What the Book Is About

1. Intelligence, Thinking, and Artificial Intelligence

1.1. Thinking, Cognition, and Intelligence

1.2. The Mystery of Intelligence

1.3. Defining Intelligence

1.4. Artificial Intelligence

1.5. Embodiment and Its Implications

1.6. Summary

2. Artificial Intelligence: The Landscape

2.1. Successes of the Classical Approach

2.2. Problems of the Classical Approach

2.3. The Embodied Turn

2.4. The Role of Neuroscience

2.5. Diversification

2.6. Biorobotics

2.7. Developmental Robotics

2.8. Ubiquitous Computing and Interfacing Technology

2.9. Artificial Life and Multiagent Systems

2.10. Evolutionary Robotics

2.11. Summary

II. Toward a Theory of Intelligence

3. Prerequisites for a Theory of Intelligence

3.1. Level of Generality and Form of Theory

3.2. Diversity-Compliance

3.3. Frame of Reference

3.4. The Synthetic Methodology

3.5. Time Perspectives

3.6. Emergence

3.7. Summary

4. Intelligent Systems: Properties and Principles

4.1. Real Worlds and Virtual Worlds

4.2. Properties of Complete Agents

4.3. Agent Design Principle 1: The Three-Constituents Principle

4.4. Agent Design Principle 2: The Complete-Agent Principle

4.5. Agent Design Principle 3: Cheap Design

4.6. Agent Design Principle 4: Redundancy

4.7. Agent Design Principle 5: Sensory-Motor Coordination

4.8. Agent Design Principle 6: Ecological Balance

4.9. Agent Design Principle 7: Parallel, Loosely Coupled Processes

4.10. Agent Design Principle 8: Value

4.11. Summary and Conclusions

5. Development: From Locomotion to Cognition

5.1. Motivation

5.2. Toward Developmental Robot Design

5.3. From Locomotion to Cognition: A Case Study

5.4. From Gait Patterns to Body Image to Cognition

5.5. The Symbol Grounding Problem

5.6. Matching Brain and Body Dynamics

5.7. Broadening the Scope: Other Aspects of Development

5.8. Learning in Embodied Systems

5.9. Social Interaction

5.10. Development: Where Are We and Where Do We Go from Here?

5.11. Summary: Design Principles for Developmental Systems

6. Evolution: Cognition from Scratch

6.1. Motivation

6.2. The Basics of Evolutionary Computation

6.3. The Origins of Evolutionary Computation

6.4. Artificial Evolution in the Real World: On Pipes, Antennas, and Electronic Circuits

6.5. Evolutionary Robotics

6.6. Evolving Morphology and Control

6.7. Genetic Regulatory Networks and Developmental Plasticity

6.8. Self-Organization: The Powerful Ally of Mutation and Selection

6.9. Artificial Evolution: Where Are We and Where Do We Go from Here?

6.10. Summary: Design Principles for Evolutionary Systems

7. Collective Intelligence: Cognition from Interaction

7.1. Motivation

7.2. Agent-Based Modeling

7.3. Simulation versus Real Robots

7.4. Groups of Robots

7.5. A Note on Cooperation

7.6. Modular Robots

7.7. Scalability, Self-Assembly, Self-Repair, Homogeneity, and Heterogeneity

7.8. Self-Reproducing Machines

7.9. Collective Intelligence: Where Are We and Where Do We Go from Here?

7.10. Summary: Design Principles for Collective Systems

III. Applications and Case Studies

8. Ubiquitous Computing and Interfacing Technology

8.1. Ubiquitous Technology as Scaffolding

8.2. Ubiquitous Technology: Properties and Principles

8.3. Interacting with Ubiquitous Technology

8.4. Cyborgs

8.5. Summary and Conclusions

9. Building Intelligent Companies

9.1. Management and Entrepreneurship: Decision and Action under Uncertainty

9.2. Companies as Embodied Systems

9.3. A Synthetic Approach to Management

9.4. Design Principles for Building Intelligent Companies

9.5. Corroborating the Speculations

9.6. Summary and Conclusions

10. Where Is Human Memory?

10.1. Introduction

10.2. The Storehouse Metaphor and Its Problems

10.3. Concepts of Memory

10.4. The Frame-of-Reference Problem in Memory Research: Ashby's Proposal

10.5. The Embodied View of Memory: Applying the Design Principles for Intelligent Systems

10.6. Implications for Memory Research: Summary and Speculations

11. Robotic Technology in Everyday Life

11.1. Introduction: Everyday Robots

11.2. Vacuum Cleaners: Roomba, Trilobite, and Similar Species

11.3. Entertainment Robots

11.4. Therapeutic, Medical, and Rescue Robots

11.5. Humanoid Companion Robots

11.6. Robots Capable of Social Communication

11.7. Robots Capable of Facial and Bodily Expression

11.8. A Theoretical Note

11.9. Summary and Conclusions

IV. Principles and Insights

12. How the Body Shapes the Way We Think

12.1. Steps Toward a Theory of Intelligence

12.2. Selected Highlights

12.3. Seeing Things Differently

12.4. Epilogue

Notes

References

Index