1. Background and history. Information as a tool of war ; The role of communications in modern warfare ; Early attempts at encryption ; Direct observation techniques ; The creation of cyberspace ; The cyber attacks begin ; Cyber enabling in the nuclear Middle East ; Preparations for infrastructure cyber attacks ; Russian hacktivists and national pride ; The Chinese approact to irregular warfare ; The current state of cyber war ; References
2. Problems, controversies, and solutions. Is a cyber war possible? ; Cyber as a military domain ; Cyber strategy ; Instruments of national power ; Cyber crime, cyber espionage, cyberterrorism ; The problem of attribution ; People and paranoia ; Cyber ethics ; References
3. Perspectives. Escalation in cyberspace: Martin Libicki ; Training tomorrow's cyber warriors: Nicholas Michael Sambaluk ; Cyber warfare in the professional military education system: S. Michael Pavelec ; Waging e-jihad: Heidi L. Dexter ; The relationship between space and cyber assets: Brian Tannehill ; References
4. Profiles. Alexander, Keith B. ; Alperovitch, Dmitri ; Anonymous ; Carpenter, Shawn ; Carr, Jeffrey ; Clarke, Richard Alan ; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) ; Defense Information Systems Agency (U.S.) ; FireEye, Inc. ; Google, Inc. ; Hayden, Michael ; Kaspersky, Yevgeniy "Eugene" Valentinovich ; Libicki, Martin ; Mandiant ; McAfee, Inc. ; Microsoft Corporation ; Mitnick, Kevin ; National Security Agency ; NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence ; People's Liberation Army Unit 61398 (China) ; Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui ; RAND Corporation ; Rogers, Michael S. ; Russian Business Network (RBN) ; Snowden, Edward ; Symantec Corporation ; Syrian Electronic Army ; Tenenbaum, Ehud "Udi" ; U.S. Cyber Command ; WikiLeaks ; References
5. Documents. Excerpts from the North Atlantic Treaty (1949) ; Remarks of President Barack Obama on securing the nation's cyber infrastructure, Washington, D.C., May 29, 2009 ; Excerpts of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on Internet freedom, Washington, D.C., January 21, 2010 ; Excerpts from the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare, Draft, NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, 2010 ; Excerpts of "International Strategy for Cyberspace," May 2011 ; Excerpts of Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta on Cybersecurity, October 11, 2012 ; Excerpts from U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Science Board, Task Force Report: "Resilient military systems and the advanced cyber threat," January 2013 ; Statement of General Keith B. Alexander, Commander, United States Cyber Command, before the Senate Committee on Armed Services, March 12, 2013
6. Resources. Print resources ; Nonprint resources
